Ancient Dynasties of South India
Sangam Age 600 BCE TO 300 BCE
sangam age is a ancient history of tamil nadu, kerala and sri lanka.
* Sri Thiruvalluvar was the greatest poet of this age and he wrote "Thirukkural" (Thiru= Shree, and Kural= means a small king.)
* Tamil epics Silappadikaram, Manimegalai.
* Sangam age literature gives some information about the south dynasties like Chola, chera and pandyas.
* Simuka was the founder of satavahana dynasty. He was more active after death of Ashoka.
* He defeated the kanvas of Magadha.
* Prathisthanapura (Paithan) was their capital.
* Satakarni was a third king, he was ruled over in Madhya pradesh.
* Gautamiputra satakarni was the greatest ruler of the satavahana dynasty.
* He's title Tirasamudradisvara.
* Hala was a 17th king of the dynasty. He was a famous poet. He wrote "gaha sattasai" poems in prakrit language.
Satavahanas rulers
* Simuka
* Satakarni
* Hala
* Gautamiputra satakarni 106 AD - 130 AD
* Vashishti putra 130 AD - 154 AD
* Yajna Sri Satakarni 165 AD - 194 AD
* Mayura sharma was the founder of Kadambas dynasty.
* He changed name Mayura sharma became Mayura varma.
* Mayura sharma was the famous king of this dynasty.
* Their capital was Banavasi.
* Kadambas are the first dynasty of Kannada origin.
* Halmidi(in belur taluk) inscription first record in kannada language.
* Kadambas royal emblem was Lion.
* kubja was a first sanskrit poet of karnataka.
Gangas of Talakadu
Almost at the same time when the Kadambas started ruling from banavasi, the reign of the Ganga's started from kolar.
* first started from kolar after became Talakadu shifted capital.
* Konkani varma was the founder of this dynasty.
* Durvineetha was the famous king of Ganga's.
* Ganga's ruled continues for a period of more than 600 years.
* Gomateshwara statue built by Chavundaraya a minister of the king Rachamalla IV.
* Chavundaraya wrote " chavundaraya Purana" one of the significant work in kannada prose.
* World famous statue Gomateshwara at shravanabelagola.
* Jayasimha wa the founder of the chalukyas.
* His grandson Pulikeshi I made Badami his capital.
* Later ruled Kirtivarma I and Mangalesha.
* Mangalesha built the famous Vaishnava rock-cut shrine at Badami.
* Kirtivarman I was father of Pulikeshi II.
* Pulikeshi II 610 - 642 CE is the greatest ruler of Chalukyas.
* Pulikeshi II clashed with Harshavardhana of kanauj on the bank of river Narmada.
* write on victory defined in Aihole inscription.
* Cheras, Cholas and Pandyas paid him tribute.
* His brother Vishnuvardhana as viceroy at vengi and later became independent dynasty Vengi Chalukyas.
* pulikeshi II defeated pallava Mahendra varma.
* Mahendra varma son defeated pulikeshi II and badami fell down by Pallavas.
* 13 years later pulikeshi II 3rd son Vikramaditya I 655 - 682 CE conquered Badami again.
* Vikramaditya II was defeated pallavas and in memory of victory famous Rajasimheshwara Temple at kanchi. He recorded in kannada.
* He built a famous Pattadakal temple.
Pallavas of Kanchi
* Their was capital was Kanchi.
* Simha Vishnu (571 - 630 CE)was the founder of pallavas dynasty. He was defeated Cheras, Cholas and pandyas.
* Simha Vishnu son mahendravarman I to fight against the Badami of chalukyas. His son Narasimha varma I.
* Narasimha Varma I was a the greatest ruler of this dynasty and he defeated pulikeshi II and captured Chalukyas capital Badami. Hiuen Tsang visited his court. He got the title Mahamalla (The great wrestler). He got another title Vatapikonda.
* Their was capital was Kanchi.
* Cholas Aditya defeated pallavas in 839 CE and ended of pallavas dynasty.
* The Rashtrakuta succeeded the Chalukyas of Badami.
* Kavirajamarga is earliest kannada work. it was composed Srivijaya.
* Pampa: he first kavi(poet) of kannada literature is called Adikavi. He wrote Vikramarjuna Vijaya. He is popularly known as pampa bharata.
* Dantidurga 737 - 756 was the founder of Rashtrakuta dynasty.
* Krishna I (756 - 774) was succeeded by Dantidurga and he was built the famous Kailasanatha Temple at Ellora.
* Govinda II was the son of Krishna I. He ascended the throne.
*Druva : He also fought against Vishnuvardhana IV of Vengi and Nandi varma II.
* Govinda III : His son succeeded after Dhruva. He defeated Pallavas, Pandyas and Cholas levied tribute on the of Sri lanka.
* Amoghavarsha I : He was a son of Govinda III. He was a greatest ruler of Rashtrakuta. During this time the Arab traveller Suleman visited india 851 AD . He describes Amoghavarsha I as one of the four greatest kings of the world. His court poet Srivijaya wok Kavirajamarga.
* Amoghavarsha I was built the city Manyakheta (malkhed) in gulbarga district which became the Rashtrakuta capital and he ruled for 63 years.
* Krishna III was last great ruler of this dynasty. Ponna an eminent kannada poet, adorned the court of krishna III.
* Tailapa II of the Kalyana Chalukya family defeated Rashtrakutas KarkaII in 973 AD and conquered Manyakheta (Malkhed).
Chalukyas of Kalyana
* Tailapa II was the founder of Chalukya kalyana. His capital Manyakheta and he ruled 24 years.
* Next satyasraya 997-1008 AD
* Someshwara I : He made new capital Kalyana (Basavakalyan in Bidar).
* Someshwara II : He was soon deposed by his younger brother Vikramaditya VI dethrone.
* Vikramaditya VI : He ascended the throne in 1076 AD and he was a greatest ruler of the Chalukyas of Kalyana.
* "Mitakshara" a book on Hindu law.
* Sala was a founder of hoysala dynasty. His jaina master asked sala to hit (kill) a tiger, he called him out " Hoy sala".
* First notable ruler of the dynasty was Nripa kama.
* Vishnuvardhana 1108 - 1141 AD wa the great king of Hoysalas.
* Mohammed bin-tughluq sent his army to the south Ballala paid to tribute him.
* Virupaksha Balla was the last ruler of Hoysalas.
* Janna, Harihara and Raghavanka were the notable poets of hoysala dynasty.
* After the fall pallavas come to power in Tamilnadu. From 9th century till the 13th century over ruled Tamil Nadu, Andhra and Karnataka.
* Vijayalaya was the founder of Cholas dynasty.
* Rajaraja I : 985 - 1016 AD He was the greatest of the Cholas. He defeated the gangas ruler and captured Gangavadi and he built Brihadeshwara temple at Thanjavur. This temple is largest in south india This is one of the famous monument.
* Rajendra I 1012 - 1044 AD : He was a son of RajaI and he invaded Sri Lanka.
* Cholas had strong Army and Navy.
* Oor = Village.
* Cholas were Shivism follower.
* The huge bronze Nataraja sculptures of their time are World famous.
* The tall Vimana of the temple. Veman is the tower which is raise above the sanctum.
* They 1/6 produce of the land was collected as revenue.
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