The Mars
Mars is one of the planet of Solar system. Mars is the fourth planet of the Sun and the second smallest planet in the solar system, larger than Mercury. Mars is named in English by the name of the Roman god of war, and Mars is usually called the "Red planet". The latter refers to the effect of iron oxide that is ubiquitous on the surface of Mars, which gives it a reddish appearance among astronomical objects visible to the naked eye. Mars is an earth planet with a thin atmosphere, and its surface features are reminiscent of moon impact craters and the valleys, deserts and polar ice caps of the earth. Since the rotation period and the tilt of the rotation axis relative to the ecliptic plane are similar, these days and seasons can be comparable to the Earth. The average distance between Mars and the sun is about 230 million kilometers (143 million miles), and its orbiting time is 687 days (earth ). The solar day (or sol) on Mars is only slightly longer than the Earth day: 24 hours, 39 minutes, and 35. 244 seconds. The year of Mars is equal to 1. 8809 Earth year, which is 1 year, 320 days and 18. 2 hours.
Mars is the location of Olympus Mons, the largest volcano and the most famous mountain range on any planet in the solar system, and the location of Valles Marineris, one of the largest canyons in the solar system. The smooth arctic basin in the northern hemisphere covers 40% of the earth and may be a huge impact feature. Mars has two moons, Phobos and Demon, which are small and irregular in shape. These may be captured asteroids, similar to the Martian Trojan 5261 Eureka. Mars has been explored by several unflying spacecraft. Mariner 4 was the first spacecraft to visit Mars; it was launched by NASA on November 28, 1964, and on July 15, 1965, it carried out the closest treatment to Earth. The Martian radiation zone detected by Mariner 4 is weak, about zero. 1% of the Earth, and took the first image of another planet from deep space. The Soviet Mars 3 mission included a lander, which achieved a soft landing in December 1971. However, a few seconds after the touchdown, contact was lost. On July 20, 1976, Viking 1 successfully landed on the surface of Mars for the first time. On July 4, 1997, the Mars Pathfinder spacecraft landed on Mars and released its rover Sojourner on July 5, which was the first robotic rover to operate on Mars.
Mars has split into denser metal cores covered by less dense materials. The current internal model implies a core with a radius of approximately 1794 ± 65 kilometers (1115 ± 40 miles), mainly composed of iron and nickel and approximately 16-17% sulfur. It is believed that the light element content of this iron sulfide core is twice that of the earth. The core is surrounded by a silicate mantle, forming many tectonic and volcanic features on Earth, but it seems to be in a dormant state. In addition to silicon and oxygen, the most abundant elements in the Martian crust are iron, magnesium, aluminum, calcium, and potassium. The average thickness of the planet's crust is about 50 kilometers (31 miles), and the maximum thickness is 125 kilometers (78 miles). The earth’s crust averages 40 kilometers (25 miles). Mars is seismically active. InSight recorded more than 450 earthquakes and related events in 2019.
The data returned by the Phoenix (Robotic spacecraft) lander showed that the Martian soil is weakly alkaline and contains elements such as magnesium, sodium, potassium and chlorine. These nutrients exist in the earth's soil and are necessary for plant growth. Experiments conducted by the lander showed that the basic pH of Martian soil is 7. 7, and contains 0. 6% perchlorate. This is a high concentration that makes the Martian soil toxic.
0 Comments